Background and aims: Readiness for treatment is affected by some factors that their identification helps greatly to detect the rate of treatment readiness among SUBSTANCE abusers and to plan interventions for effective treatment readiness. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive factors of treatment readiness in STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 123 STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers in outpatients and self referred to clinics of SUBSTANCE abuse in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling.Assessment was performed by the Pre-treatment Readiness Scale (PRS), Barriers Questionnaire and Demographical Characteristic Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regressions by PASW software.Results: There was a significantly positive relationship between problem recognition and desire for change with treatment readiness. There was a significantly negative relationship between severity of SUBSTANCE abuse’s effects and perceived barriers for treatment with treatment readiness as well (P<0.001). Using problem recognition, desire for change, severity of SUBSTANCE abuse’s effects, and perceived barriers for treatment significantly predicted the treatment readiness (P<0.001). All of them explained 86% of the treatment readiness variance (R2=0.866).Conclusion: Problem recognition, desire for change, severity of SUBSTANCE abuse’s effects, and perceived barriers for treatment are important for the treatment readiness of STIMULANT SUBSTANCEs abusers. Assessment and appropriate intervention in readiness for the treatment of STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers are important and necessary before their complete admission for treatment.

The purpose of current research was studying and comparing of self-efficacy, and self-regulation among opioid SUBSTANCE, STIMULANT SUBSTANCE dependents, and general persons. Research design was non-experimental (causal comparative method). This research performed on 214 persons (106 general persons, 70 opioid SUBSTANCE dependents, and 38 STIMULANT SUBSTANCEs dependents). SUBSTANCE dependents were chosen from MMT centers. The self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1998) and The self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ; (Brown, Miller, & Lawendowski, 1999) were administrated for collecting data The results showed that there was a significant difference among opioid SUBSTANCE, STIMULANT SUBSTANCE dependents, and general persons in self-efficacy and self-regulation. Opioid SUBSTANCE dependents have less self-efficacy and self-regulation scores than General persons and STIMULANT SUBSTANCE dependents. In self-efficacy and self-regulation, there was not significant deference between STIMULANT SUBSTANCE dependents and general persons. Also, the results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship among self-esteem, selfefficacy, and self-regulation. So, we conclude that self-efficacy, and self-regulation has important role in preventing, coping, and SUBSTANCE abstinence.

Background and Aim: Drug abuse is a long-standing social and public health problem in Iran. Access to accurate, reliable and up-to-date data related to drug use is essential for planning and policy-making for prevention of, treatment of, and harm reduction related to, drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to access accurate data regarding drug abuse prevalence and SUBSTANCE use in Tehran Province population. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 6024 individuals aged 15-64 years residing in Tehran Province. Data on demographic characteristics and drug use during the previous week, month and year and the whole lifetime were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire. Results: A total of 5646 individuals participated in the study. The lifelong prevalence of cigarette-smoking, hookah-smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use were 21. 9%, 26. 8%, 12. 1% and 7. 3%, respectively. The corresponding proportions during the previous week were 12. 9%, 10. 5%, 1. 8% and 2. 2%. Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette-smoking, hookah-smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use is high in Tehran Province. The prevalence of lifelong cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption is higher, while that of drug use is lower, than the respective national averages.

The goal of this research was to determine the relationship between Eysenck's E personality dimensions and selection of SUBSTANCE use (depressant drugs / STIMULANT drugs) in individuals who at least have a mental dependency to STIMULANT drugs such as cigarette, coffee and tea or depressant drugs such as alcohol and opiate. The potential sample of this research included 74 and main sample included 60 subjects, 30 of them using depressant drugs and 30 using STIMULANT drugs. Each of these two groups included 15 males and 15 females. Research method was Ex-post facto and sampling method was a combination of purposive and accidental sampling. The research instruments were Eysenck's personality inventory (EPI, Form A) and demographic questionnaire; and data analyzed by two ways- Between subjects ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between introversion and selection of depressant drugs and between extroversion and selection of STIMULANT drugs: (p<0.05). In general, the women who have tendency to use drugs, both STIMULANT and depressant, they are more introverted than the men (P > 0.05).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the scores relating to brain/behavioral systems in two groups of narcotic and STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers.Method: An Expos Facto research design was used in this study. The study sample consisted of 200 drug-dependent male participants who were selected from the addicts referring to authorized treatment centers and inpatient rehab camps in Tabriz through convenience sampling method. The researcher used behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scales developed by Carver and White (1994).Results: The results revealed that behavioral activation system scores were different in narcotic and STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers and STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers outperformed their narcotic counterparts in BAS. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in BIS scores.Conclusion: The results enjoy practical implications.

Background: Using STIMULANT SUBSTANCEs is one of the main issues of public health in the recent decade. In such situation using opiates is changing to using STIMULANT SUBSTANCEs. The present survey aims at comparing the rate of self-esteem, self- efficacy and self- regulation in opiates and STIMULANT SUBSTANCE dependents with normal people.Methods: This research is a observational, cross- sectional and cooperative research. The sampling in the study group is 108 person (70 person dependent to opiates and 38 person dependent to STIMULANT SUBSTANCEs).They have been selected in availability method and the comparing group which includes 106 normal person has been selected randomly.Findings: Among self- esteem and self- efficacy, self- esteem and self- regulation, and finally self- efficacy and self- regulation, exist a positive and meaningful correlation. They are respectively as follows: (r=.048,P<0.01), (r=.055,P<0.01) and (r=.055,P<0.01).The opiate dependent people, the STIMULANT dependent people, and normal people are different significantly and meaningfully in the rates of self- esteem, self- efficacy and self- regulation. The rates of self- esteem in the opiate and STIMULANTs dependent people is meaningfully lower than normal people but between two groups who are dependent to opiates and STIMULANT SUBSTANCEs there is not a meaningful difference. Also considering the self- efficacy variable, there is a meaningful difference, between the opiate dependent people and the STIMULANT dependent people, and between the opiate dependent people and normal people. But no meaningful difference has been observed between STIMULANT dependent people and normal people. The results show that STIMULANT dependent people and normal people have lower self- efficacy rate. Consequently self- esteem, self- efficacy and self-regulation is preventive and protective factor against dangerous behaviors such as drug abusing.Conclusion: Since the different factors have rule in beginning of abusing drugs, therefore, the comparison of three derivatives of self (self- esteem, self- efficacy and self- regulation) is very significant in detecting fundamental factors responsible in prevention and treatment.

Background: Addiction and SUBSTANCE abuse is one of the most significant psychological and social impairments that can easily undermine the foundation of a country's individual, family, and cultural life. Studies have shown the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation on a variety of variables. But the question is, can cognitive emotion regulation affect drug craving and marital distress in married men with STIMULANTs use disorder? Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cog native emotion regulation skills training in reducing SUBSTANCE abuse craving and marital distress in men with STIMULANT disorder. Method: This research was carried out based on a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. the statistical population consisted of all married men with disruptive drug abuse disorder referring to family counseling centers in Rasht. Asammple of 30 were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned tocontrol and experimental groups. method to determine entry and exit rates. After the end of treatment sessions craving tests and Marital disturbance were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis )P<0/05). Results: The results showed that training cognitive emotion regulation skills significantly reduced craving and Marital disturbance. Conclusions: According to the finding of this study, emotional regulation cognitive skills can be a suitable therapeutic approach to reducing the craving and Marital disturbance in addicts to STIMULANTs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioral and neurofeedback therapy on the relapse reduction in STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers with depressive symptoms. Method: A semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up period. All male SUBSTANCE abusers who were referred to the Sepahan SUBSTANCE abuse treatment center in 1st district of Tehran in 1402 formed the statistical population of the study. With the available and purpose-based sampling method, 36 people were selected from among SUBSTANCE abusers who met the criteria for entering the research and randomly divided into 2 groups of 18 people (combined treatment group for STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers, control group for STIMULANT SUBSTANCE abusers) were replaced. Data collection was done with demographic information checklist-researcher-made form, revised depression questionnaire and SUBSTANCE abuse relapse risk questionnaire. Data analysis was done with statistical methods, testing the assumptions of parametric statistics and analysis of variance with repeated measurements with statistical software Spss-v26. Findings: The results showed that the combined treatment in the subjects of the experimental group of two groups of STIMULANT drug abusers is effective in reducing the relapse rate and its dimensions (intention to use, emotional problems, compulsion to use, lack of control and positive expectation of drug use). (P<0. 05).   Conclusion: This study further clarified the role of psycho-behavioral structures in SUBSTANCE abuse patients and reveals the necessity of using combined treatment approaches (cognitive-behavioral and neurofeedback) to modify symptoms in SUBSTANCE abuse patients.

Objective: This study aims to examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation can effectively improve inhibitory control deficits and reduce students' tendency toward STIMULANT SUBSTANCE use. Methods and Materials: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest format. The study population included all 12th-grade students with STIMULANT SUBSTANCE use attending the Atieh Roshan Addiction Treatment Center in Shahriar in 2024. A total of approximately 100 12th-grade students were present at this center. From this population, 40 individuals were selected as the sample, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, to conduct a targeted study. The statistical population consisted of all 12th-grade students aged 15 to 19 years with STIMULANT SUBSTANCE use in addiction treatment centers in Shahriar. Multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS26 software were used for data analysis. Findings: The results indicated the effectiveness of transcranial brain stimulation on emotional inhibition, aggression inhibition, mental rumination, benign inhibition, and the tendency toward STIMULANT SUBSTANCE use in students. Conclusion: It can be concluded that transcranial direct current stimulation can be effective in improving the psychological problems of individuals with SUBSTANCE use disorders.

Aims: The high relapse rate among individuals with STIMULANT use disorder necessitates effective psychological interventions to manage core challenges like craving and maladaptive coping strategies. this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and schema therapy on emotion-focused coping strategies and craving in this population. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial utilized an extensive pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population included all individuals with STIMULANT use disorder at residential centers in Ahvaz in 2024. A convenience sample of 45 individuals was selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=15 for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy schema therapy, n=15 for) and a control group (n=15) that received no treatment. Data were collected using the Lazarus and Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Instantaneous SUBSTANCE Craving Questionnaire. Both experimental groups participated in eight 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software. Findings: Both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and schema therapy were effective in significantly reducing emotion-focused coping strategies and craving in the experimental groups, with these effects sustained at follow-up (P<0.001). While both approaches were equally effective on emotion-focused coping strategies, schema therapy demonstrated a relative superiority in reducing craving compared to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Conclusion: Both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and schema therapy are effective interventions for reducing emotion-focused coping strategies and craving in individuals with STIMULANT use disorder.